At the end of European Communism, there was a widespread, euphoric hope that freedom and democracy would bring a better life; eventually, though, many lost that hope. The problem, under both Communism and the new liberal dispensation, was that those pursuing grand social projects had embraced ideology instead of philosophy.
considers what an Albanian Marxist philosopher can tell us about liberty in today's world.
For the US, Slovakia's general election may produce another unreliable allied government. But instead of turning a blind eye to such allies, as President Joe Biden has been doing with Poland, or confronting them with an uncompromising stance, the US should spearhead efforts to help mend flawed democracies.
reflect on the outcome of Slovakia's general election in the run-up to Poland's decisive vote.
伦敦/纽约/日内瓦—面对COVID-19大流行病造成的前所未有的经济危机,富裕国家的决策者们采取了 "不惜一切代价 "的办法来挽救其经济,使其免于崩溃。但是,面对世界其他国家更加严重的危机,这些决策者们则和大萧条肇始时的胡佛政府如出一辙,声称他们对此也无能为力。其结果是发达经济体拥有了数万亿美元的救市方案,而其他国家获得的救助却寥寥无几。
这一悲剧不仅在于保持社交距离的经济成本有可能在新兴市场更高,同时也在于富国的巨大救援努力使较穷的国家更难抗击这场大流行病。
像美国这样的拥有充足借贷能力的国家能够以最低的利率筹集到巨额资金。但这些资金来自于寻求安全的新兴市场投资者,以及清算其外国资产的美国投资者。换句话说,美国和其他发达经济体所依赖的部分资金来源于对资金需求更为迫切的新兴经济体。
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