qian11_Peter CharlesworthLightRocket via Getty Images_chinafamilyplanning Peter Charlesworth/LightRocket via Getty Images

中国共产主义实践得失背后的基本经济原理

发自埃文斯顿—在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上, 中国国家主席习近平在现场发表的一个重点突出党在推动中国实现今日成就（包括其经济崛起）中所扮演作用的讲话中指出：“一百年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民……书写了中华民族几千年历史上最恢宏的史诗。”但中国共产党管理经济的记录实际上是好坏参半的，而即便是认识到这一点的那些人也常常忽略了一点，那就是它的成功和失败其实源自于相同的基本经济原理。

习近平说得对，在中国共产党的领导下，中国实现了从一个“生产力相对落后的”世界最贫穷国家到坐拥全球第二大经济体的中等收入国家的“历史性飞跃”。但他没提到的是这一记录其实也存在着严重的污点，比如导致人类历史上最大饥荒的大跃进（1958~1962年）以及致使人口危机不断升级的数十年严苛计划生育法令。

中国共产党有效调动资源的能力使其能够提供大规模公共产品以推动发展。其中最值得留意的是它从1950年代初就开始大笔投资于公共卫生和教育。中国借此持续实现了有史以来最快的出生预期寿命增长，从1949年的35~40岁到如今的77.3岁。学校入学率也急剧上升，小学入学率从20%拉高到接近全民普及，中学就读率则从6%提升到约88%，识字率也从1949年的20%上升到了今天的97%。

To continue reading, register now.

As a registered user, you can enjoy more PS content every month – for free.

Register

or

Subscribe now for unlimited access to everything PS has to offer.

Support High-Quality Commentary

For more than 25 years, Project Syndicate has been guided by a simple credo: All people deserve access to a broad range of views by the world's foremost leaders and thinkers on the issues, events, and forces shaping their lives. At a time of unprecedented uncertainty, that mission is more important than ever – and we remain committed to fulfilling it.

But there is no doubt that we, like so many other media organizations nowadays, are under growing strain. If you are in a position to support us, please subscribe now.

As a subscriber, you will enjoy unlimited access to our On Point suite of long reads, book reviews, and insider interviews; Big Picture topical collections; Say More contributor interviews; Opinion Has It podcast features; The Year Ahead magazine, the full PS archive, and much more. You will also directly support our mission of delivering the highest-quality commentary on the world's most pressing issues to as wide an audience as possible.

By helping us to build a truly open world of ideas, every PS subscriber makes a real difference. Thank you.

Subscribe Now

https://prosyn.org/83AHLdMzh