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From semiconductors to electric vehicles, governments are identifying the strategic industries of the future and intervening to support them – abandoning decades of neoliberal orthodoxy in the process. Are industrial policies the key to tackling twenty-first-century economic challenges or a recipe for market distortions and lower efficiency?
纽约—在今年春天的IMF/世界银行华盛顿会议上，IMF口风一变，敦促欧洲国家放松紧缩政策并专注于投资。但是，在这两个多边机构内部，人们在大谈双重标准。
事实上，大部分国家在削减公共支出——在IMF的支持下。因此，尽管北方国家开始质疑紧缩药方，南方国家（包括南欧国家）正在日渐采取财政调整措施。
据IMF的预测，有119个国家2013年缩减了预算（相对GDP），其中四分之三是发展中国家（包括21个低收入国家和68个中等收入国家）。财政整合影响了约80%的发展中国家人民，到2015年，其影响面预计还会稳步扩大。在此期间，收缩幅度将相当大，发展中国家大约四分之一将把支出削减至危机前水平。
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