José Antonio Ocampo, a former United Nations under-secretary-general, is Minister of Finance and Public Credit of Colombia, a professor at Columbia University, Chair of the UN Committee for Development Policy, and Chair of the Independent Commission for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation. He is the author of Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System (Oxford University Press, 2017) and co-author (with Luis Bértola) of The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence (Oxford University Press, 2012).
波哥大—的新冠大流行使低收入和中等收入国家的债务水平达到了50年来的最高水平。通货膨胀的飙升,利率的提高,以及美元的走强加重了它们的偿债负担,一场危机正在发展中世界的几个国家展开。
《经济学人》(The Economist)确定了53个脆弱的国家,它们要么已经违约,要么处于债务困境的高风险之中。这些国家中的大多数确实只是世界上最贫穷的国家,但越来越多的中等收入经济体也面临着严重的债务问题。根据世界银行的数据,近60%的新兴国家和发展中国家已经成为高风险债务国。
为了衡量这场危机的全部范围并确定可能的解决方案,我们必须首先考虑这些经济体的主要特征及其公共部门负债。《经济学人》确定的53个债务危机国家占世界人口的18%,超过14亿人,但仅占全球GDP的5%。
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