

Though Polish voters in October ousted their right-wing populist government, recent elections in Slovakia and the Netherlands show that populism remains as malign and potent a political force as ever in Europe. But these outcomes also hold important lessons for the United States, where the specter of Donald Trump’s return to the White House haunts the runup to the 2024 presidential election.
坎布里奇—我最近写了一篇可能出现于政治光谱左右两端、可能取代新自由主义的新的经济政策范式的文章。新框架赋予政府和社区组织更大的责任决定投资和生产——支持好岗位、气候转型和更安全、更有韧性的社会——并且比旧范式更怀疑市场和大公司。我称之为“生产主义”( productivism),不过其他人肯定会想到更性感的称呼。
纵观历史,经济意识形态的钟摆从神化市场摆向依赖国家,然后回摆。从表面上看,我们似乎正处于另一次周期性调整之中。新自由主义的过度行为——加剧不平等、企业权力集中、忽视对实体和社会环境的威胁——或许难免引发反弹。
但是建立新范式需要开发新的方法,而不仅仅是模仿旧方法。当罗斯福新政和福利国家取代之前的自由资本主义时,政策制定者并没有简单地恢复以前的重商主义做法。他们建立了新的监管机制和社会保险机构,采取了凯恩斯主义形式的明确的宏观经济管理。
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